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Roofing glossary

Roofing Terms Glossary: What the Words on Your Roofing Estimate Mean

A roofing terms glossary turns the words on an estimate into plain English. A square is 100 square feet of roof. Tear-off removes the old roof down to the deck. Underlayment is the layer under the shingles. Flashing seals joints. Below are 67 terms in six groups, each linked to the guide that explains it.

A roofing estimate can read like another language. Here are the words you are most likely to see, in plain English, grouped so you can find them fast.

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The roof itself

What are the parts of a roof called?

Twelve words for the parts of the roof you see from the street and the framing you do not.

Got an estimate with a word you do not know?

Coastline can explain the words on your estimate in plain English, and send a written photo report of your roof so you can see what the words refer to. Coastline Roofing works all over Florida (license CCC1331076).

Call (941) 896-7793 or text your town and a photo.

Measuring and pricing

What do the measuring and job words on an estimate mean?

These are the words behind a price and a scope of work.

Shingles

What do the shingle words mean?

Shingle parts, flaws and the ratings printed on the wrapper.

Under the shingles

What do underlayment, flashing and vent words mean?

The water barriers and metal pieces that keep a roof from leaking.

  • Underlayment: Asphalt-saturated felt or an engineered synthetic sheet laid under the roofing for extra protection of the deck. Synthetic underlayment versus felt.
  • Felt: Fibrous material saturated with asphalt, used as an underlayment. Synthetic underlayment versus felt.
  • Synthetic underlayment: An underlayment typically made of polypropylene, used instead of felt. Synthetic underlayment versus felt.
  • Self-adhering underlayment: A peel-and-stick waterproofing underlayment. The glossary says the code requires it to meet ASTM D1970 and carry that label. Roof deck and SWR on the 1802 form.
  • Exposure limit: How many days an underlayment may sit uncovered before the roof covering goes on. It is written in the product's approval and instructions, and runs from 30 days to 180 days for products we read. How long underlayment can be exposed.
  • Drip edge: Corrosion-resistant material along the eaves and rakes that lets water drip clear of the roof structure. Drip edge in Florida.
  • Flashing: Pieces of metal that keep water out where the roof meets a wall, pipe, dormer or valley. Flashing failure.
  • Step flashing: Flashing laid in steps where a vertical wall meets a sloping roof. Flashing failure.
  • Counter flashing: The part of the flashing attached to a vertical surface to stop water from getting behind the base flashing. Flashing failure.
  • Collar (vent sleeve): A preformed flange placed over a vent pipe to seal the roof around it. Roof leaking around a vent pipe.
  • Vent: Any outlet for air through the roof deck, or a device installed to ventilate under the deck. Attic ventilation in Florida.
  • Open, closed-cut and woven valleys: Three ways to build a valley. In an open valley the metal flashing shows. In closed-cut and woven valleys the shingles cover it. Why valleys leak in Florida.
  • Cricket: A small peaked saddle behind a chimney that deflects water around it. How to find where a roof is leaking.
  • Condensation: Water that forms when warm, damp air hits a cold surface. It can look like a roof leak. Attic condensation or roof leak.
  • Ponding: Water that stays in low spots after the rest of the roof dries. Ponding water on a flat roof.
Florida rules

What are the Florida code, permit and insurance words?

Words from state law, the building code and insurance paperwork.

  • Florida Building Code (FBC): The statewide building code. The 8th Edition (2023) took effect on December 31, 2023. Florida Building Code roofing requirements.
  • Design wind speed: The 3-second gust a building is planned to handle. Manatee County's falls between 140 and 150 mph on the state map for ordinary houses. Design wind speed in Manatee and Sarasota.
  • Wind-borne debris region: The state map's name for areas where glass openings need protection from flying debris, which includes areas where the design speed is 140 mph or more. Design wind speed in Manatee and Sarasota.
  • Product approval: Florida Statute 553.842 requires statewide approval of roofing products before they are used in construction. Florida product approval for roofing.
  • Permit: Approval from the local building department before work starts. Florida Statute 489.127 bars starting work without a required permit. Do you need a roof permit in Florida.
  • Notice of commencement: A form the owner records with the county clerk before work starts. Florida Statute 713.13 says what it must list. Notice of commencement for a roof.
  • Certified roofing contractor: A roofer with a state certificate who may contract anywhere in Florida. The license number starts with CCC. A registered contractor may work only in the places the registration covers. How to verify a Florida roofing license.
  • Certificate of insurance: A one-page summary from a roofer's insurance agent that shows the policies, dates and coverage. How to check if a roofer is insured.
  • Workers' comp exemption: A certificate that lets one officer or LLC member of a company opt out of workers' compensation. It is not a policy and does not cover a crew. How to check if a roofer is insured.
  • Wind mitigation inspection: An inspection recorded on the state form OIR-B1-1802, which you keep with your insurance policy. Coastline's license cannot sign the form, but we can coordinate a licensed inspector. Wind mitigation inspection savings.
  • Sealed roof deck (SWR): A backup layer that keeps water out if the roof covering is lost. The form says standard underlayment and hot-mopped felt do not qualify. Roof deck and SWR on the 1802 form.
  • 25% rule: A code rule that can turn a large repair on an older roof into a full replacement. Florida Statute 553.844(5) says that for roofs built or repaired to the 2007 code or later, only the repaired part must meet the current code. Florida's 25% roof rule.
  • ACV and RCV: Actual cash value and replacement cost. Florida Statute 627.7011 requires insurers to offer replacement cost coverage rather than actual cash value. Your policy decides which you have. ACV versus RCV on a roof claim.
  • Matching: Florida Statute 626.9744(2) says that when replaced items do not match in quality, color or size, the insurer must make reasonable repairs or replacement in adjoining areas, unless the policy says otherwise. Florida roof matching law.
Other roofs

What about tile, metal and flat roof words?

Other systems have their own words, and they are explained on their own pages.

For tile, metal and TPO terms, see our pages on tile roofing, metal roofing and flat roofing, and the guides on standing seam metal roofs and 5V crimp metal roofs.

Reviews

What homeowners say about working with Coastline

★★★★★
"Josh was especially amazing. He was professional, patient, and took the time to explain everything clearly so I felt comfortable and informed throughout the entire process. You can tell he genuinely cares about his customers and takes pride in his work."
Madison T.Roofing customer
★★★★★
"Good communication and did a great job."
Rick R.Roofing customer, Florida Gulf Coast
★★★★★
"Highly recommend. Great communication. Great quality of work and very personable. Easy to work with. Will use again for home renovations."
Justin S.Roofing customer, Florida Gulf Coast
FAQ

More questions

How many bundles of shingles make a square?

Three, four or five bundles, depending on the shingle, according to the Owens Corning glossary. A square covers 100 square feet of roof. This is why the bundle count on a quote depends on the product chosen, and why a heavier shingle can take more bundles for the same roof.

How is roof slope written?

As a ratio of rise to run, in inches. The Owens Corning glossary gives 4/12 as an example, which means the roof rises 4 inches for every 12 inches it runs. A bigger first number means a steeper roof.

What is the difference between a hip roof and a gable roof?

A gable roof is the simple two-sided kind, with a triangle of wall at each end. A hip roof has sloping planes on all four sides and no gables. Which you have affects how the roof is measured and how its ridge and edges are built.

What does double coverage mean?

It means the shingles are laid so the overlap is at least 2 inches wider than the exposed part, which puts two layers of roofing over the deck. The glossary also lists single coverage, which is one layer of roofing over the deck.

Which words should I get in writing from a roofer?

Ask for the product name, the underlayment, whether the old roof is torn off or covered over, who pulls the permit, and what the price per square includes. A written scope removes guesswork when two quotes use different words for the same job.

Get a roof estimate you can read

Coastline sends a written photo report and a plain-English explanation, so every word on the estimate matches something you can see.

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